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joseph gay lussac

joseph gay lussac

1778 - 1850


The lesson of the first gas vehicles

French chemist and physicist, having completed his studies in Paris he joined the team of young scientists begun to examine and study the gases and using the findings of the predecessors of scientists and researchers, particularly the findings of the French chemical "Jacques Alexander Charles."

After many trials to reach the famous law of gases in the United sizes Act or "Lussac law" which states that the gases are compounds with each other at rates of specific and simple example: two sizes of the union of hydrogen with the volume of oxygen to form water.



And tried to study the gases and the earth's magnetic field, and is affected by being on the surface of the Earth in 1804 and used Hirogen balloon at an altitude of 7 km found that the magnetic field at this altitude is the same on the surface of the Earth, which is the first of the increased ablation in the air and used for research and study.

Andre Marie Ampere

Andre Marie Ampere


1775 - 1836


First measured the intensity of the power supply


Ampere was fond of electricity and discovered some important facts which had identified the relationship between electricity and magnetism and the laws that govern the
The pioneer of the field of electromagnetic


It is also the first is to measure the power supply using the magnetic needle and Ampere's name has become known as the measurement of the intensity of the power supply


Ampere lived most miserable years of his life and his father was sentenced to cut off his head after the French Revolution, but the important discoveries made him feel comfortable at the end of his days he wrote on his tomb, "Finally, I felt happy"

Auto Insurance Buying Tips

Auto Insurance Buying Tips

Consolidate Insurance Policies

Insuring two or more vehicles with the same insurance company can save you between 10 - 15% on your premiums. Covering your home through the same company that you have auto insurance with can reduce your premiums by another 10-15%.

Increase Your Deductible

ne rule of thumb is to carry the highest deductible you can afford. By increasing your deductible from $100 to $1,000, you could save up to 25%. Keep in mind, though, that your lender might not agree to a higher deductible.

Install Anti-Theft And Safety Devices

Installing a vehicle recovery system such as Lo-Jack or Teletracer could save you up to 7-10% per year. There are other relatively inexpensive anti-theft devices such as "The Club", which locks the steering wheel in place, as well as having your Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) etched on each window.

Safety features such as air bags, traction control and anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are viewed positively by insurance companies which, in turn, is reflected in your premiums. Although these systems may not reduce injury during an accident, they will reduce your premiums.

Clean Driving Record And Safety Courses


While traffic tickets and auto accidents will increase your premiums, most insurance companies offer discounts to drivers with clean records. Also, some insurance companies will offer a discount if you attend a Driver Training School Program, and your employer might even pay the cost if you use a company vehicle for your job. Training school discounts may vary between 7-10%.

Reduce Coverage On Older Vehicles


If you have an older car worth between $1,000 - $2,000, you might be better off dropping the collision coverage. Check to see if your collision premium is more than the value of the car.

Non-Smoker Or Early Retiree Discounts


Yes, some companies provide discounts for Non-smokers and Early Retirees. Insurers consider smoking a dangerous driving activity.

Park In A Garage


Sometimes the difference between getting auto insurance and going uninsured is where you keep your vehicle at night. Most thefts do not involve a garaged car and this is reflected in premium discounts. If you have a winter home with no garage, try putting the vehicle in storage. Let your insurance company know that your car is in storage, and you could receive a partial premium reduction.

Carpool With A Co-Worker


Most insurers surcharge premiums if the commute to work exceeds 3 miles. Carpooling with a co-worker may result in a discount for low-mileage use.

Drive A Conservative Car


Before buying a car you might want to find out how much your insurance will cost annually. Insurance companies consider certain cars easily damaged and expensive to repair, and other cars the target of thieves. You could end up paying a premium surcharge between 10 - 20%. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has established the Auto Safety Hotline at 1-800-424-9393 to report safety defects or to obtain information on cars, trucks, child seats, highway or traffic safety. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety provides information on death rates by car make and model as well as the standard safety equipment available. The Institute can be reached at 703-247-1500.

Teenage And College Bound Drivers


You may want to consider letting your teenager drive the family car instead of buying his/her own vehicle. This will very likely lower your cost to cover them. Students in school and living away from home can reduce their premiums by 30 - 50%, depending on the insurer.

hans christian oersted

hans christian oersted

1777 - 1851



The founder of the electromagnetic


Created "oersted" in a family closely related to science, his father was a chemical


Studied at the University of Copenhagen, not only so, but traveled a lot and met a group of eminent scientists of Europe, until he received a great deal of experimental science.


In 1806 the post of a respected university in the old.


Famous "oersted" after the allocated part of his time lecturing to the general public .. In one of those lectures delivered in April 1820 was the experience of being had not been conducted before, where the magnetic compass under the wire by passing an electric current and the observed deviation of the compass needle .. Aware of "oersted" the importance of what he saw, because until then, scientists had fully distinguish between the electrical and magnetic forces, however, that "oersted" proved that a close link between them.


Studies have led "oersted", which was developed by the scientists of the post to develop important scientific theories used in the design of many devices such as motorization and electrical generators

Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal

1623 - 1662

The law of pressure in fluids

Sports genius physicist and
Showed his genius at an early age, scientific .. In the second-year-old was able to resolve the issue of 32 sports of the famous Greek athlete issues Ikulaideus

In the sixteenth book printed in the engineering study and sectors where the cone-cone

At nine-year-old boy invented a calculator for the collection and subtraction, but it had not been used then a large scale because it was expensive.

In the field of physics have been interested in studying Pascal Torricelli and a barometer of the pressure .. In this study the development of Pascal's law of fluid pressure, which is known as the "law of Pascal," which provides that any means of pressure is equal in value to all parts and aspects of the vessel where it is.


Pascal lived 39 years, has spent recent years working on the study, including the Catholic until he died in 1662

Information on insurance

Insurance

Is a social system designed to form a reserve to meet the losses of others, saying to the capital by shifting the burden of the risk of several persons to one person or group of persons, any system that is designed to reduce or minimize the phenomenon of uncertainty Uncertainty of financial loss through the transfer of the burden of risk .

Activity is the importance of insurance as follows:

1 - To achieve the principle of cooperation among a group of individuals exposed to the same risk and to ensure their future participation in shouldering the risks they are exposed.

2 - Insurance helps to preserve the wealth of plant loss to the outputs of the possible risks of such wealth, such as the fire - theft .......

3 - to maintain the productive capacity

4 - the creation and expansion of credit through loan guarantees to ensure the documents other than contribute to the achievement of economic growth of the projects.

Characteristics of insurance activity

1 - building on the principle of cooperation.

2 - activity is characterized by the existence of the Association of the insurance contract between the insurer and the repository

3 - the insurance activity is based on the compilation of the custodians of the savings in the various branches of insurance in the form of premiums.

4 - a multi-activity insurance branches of activity.

5 - are contracts (s) of insurance spillover of several financial periods and therefore difficult to determine the outcome of the activity.

Types of insurance

There are several divisions of the insurance

First: in terms of the fundamental division is divided into: --

- Private insurance

- Social insurance

Second: in terms of the practical division of the insurance is divided into: --

- Insurance of Persons

- General insurance.

Private insurance

Is the insurance contract by the person to benefit from it personally to insure the risk of a given.

What are the characteristics of private insurance?
Private insurance has the following characteristics.

1 - optional insurance that is due to the desire of the beneficiary himself.

2 - repository premium paid in full.

3 - not subject to this type of insurance to the supervision of the government.

Social Insurance

Intended to ensure the individuals (who depend for their livelihood to work) against risks that may prevent them from performing this work, such as disease - disability - or death, old age and unemployment.

What are the characteristics of social insurance?

Social insurance is characterized by the following: --

1 - The proposal of this type of insurance is social solidarity.

2 - that the State imposes compulsory insurance is not optional

3 - part of the repository to pay the insurance premium by the employer or the second part.

Types of insurance of persons

Insurance of persons is divided into:

- Life insurance

- Personal accident insurance.

Types of reinsurance

Can be divided reinsurance operations into three main types.

1 - Re-insurance compulsory

2 - Re-Insurance is optional.

3 - re-insurance agreement.

Elements of the income generated by insurance companies

Consists of income from the insurance company

- Premium

- Commission of reinsurance

- Net income from investments

- Other income.


What is the insurance premiums?

Premium is the main source of income, which is the amount due on the repository under the insurance contract between the parties is committed to pay in return for the insured or his beneficiaries to obtain the amount of insurance at the time of the insured risk.

Months, the types of hazards, and any type of insurance covered

* The risks of accidents and injuries covered by personal accident insurance

* The risks of old age, old age and are covered by pension insurance

* The dangers of the disease and are covered by health insurance

* The risks of death and are covered by life insurance

* The dangers of fire and the fire covered by insurance

* The risks of aircraft accidents and aircraft covered by insurance

* The risks of theft and are covered by insurance against theft and robbery

* The dangers of drowning accidents and are covered by marine insurance

* The risks of natural disasters and are covered by insurance against earthquakes and hurricanes

* The risks of loss and loss of profit and are covered by insurance profits

* The dangers of a work stoppage and are covered by insurance work stoppage

* The risks of civil liability and are covered by liability insurance, especially business owners, cars, ships and other

Types of marine insurance

Generally be two (open or closed)

(1) and insurance against the risks of a particular defined the start of the trip and even arriving at the port of arrival in peace and safety.

(2) and fixed-term insurance is the term to have a minimum of one year, the most common.

(3) and of the insurance of goods against fire, abuse, dumping at sea and suspensions authoritarian, disasters and the damage and there are some exceptions to some species that are not covered by these documents and most food.

(4) and of the body or to secure the ship and its organs and gunboats and furnishing of the dangers of piracy and robbery, warships and assault, fire, suspension and breach of authoritarian crew and public bads, such as accidents, violence, and others.

Introduction

Introduction

Currency market is one of the oldest and largest financial market in the modern world and is the trading of funds, either around the world or through the banks. Maturity of the currency market dealings, and flourished in 1971 with the emergence of fur in the price of khat exchange rates between the currencies of various countries, since then the foreign exchange market witnessed a terrible leaps in volume terms and the laws of daily trading volume in the largest financial market of $ 5 billion per day in 1977 to about 1.5 trillion dollars now estimated by the magazine Euro money Euro Muni in 2001. To estimate the size of these figures are good, the simple comparison with all the world's stock markets we find that the volume of trading in the global market is 21 trillion dollars per year or $ 16 day trading only in the currency market has them.

The currency market is a market for a continuous period of 24 hours where the market never closes, but for a quarter of an hour, beginning with the start of trading trades Australia, Japan and Hong Kong and Singapore market after the Middle East and Dubai before its start and then the European market, which closed the U.S. market by 15 minutes of the start of trading in the Australian market. This diversity gives the market a large amount of cash, making the sale and purchase a variety of fast, which makes trading in foreign currencies, enjoyable process.

Timing trading

Begin trading on the Australian banks at approximately 23:00 GMT and close at 5:30, followed by Japanese banks at 00:00 or 12 pm before they close at 6:30 and then the market of Hong Kong and Singapore at 1:00 and close 9:00 pm, and then the financial position of the Middle East in Dubai at 4:00 GMT and closes at 12:00 and then start the European banks the financial status of the Frankfurt and Zurich at 6:30 before the end of discussions at 16:00 Head Office and then in London at 7:00 and closes at 16:30, while American banks start trading at 13:20 noon GMT and close at 19:00 in Chicago, and 20:00 pm in New York.

Types of currency trade

There are two types of trade in currencies, and it is like any other investment instruments of the shares and

* Bonds are divided into:
1. Spot market
2. Futures market


WARNING!!

The most important factors that must be kept in mind before starting your investment is that the process of trading in currencies primarily circumstantial in the first and last and may involve movements and violent fluctuations in some cases, which may make investors vulnerable to the loss of part or all of the amounts invested
Therefore advised not to invest any amount the investor can not afford to lose.

Online Trading Concepts

Online trading concepts are an essential part of online trading, which became popular due to Internet and computers. Today it's a widely available and widely used way to earn money. Stock online trading, stock option online trading, forex online trading and currency online trading are the most popular ways to earn money online. It's also necessary to mention that investment analysts claim that stock option online trading and futures online trading are not for everyone because of their complexity, in other words these two types of online trading are meant for advanced traders.

To “trade” means to buy and to sell stocks, options, futures, forex, currency or any other financial products within various online trading markets. Understanding of online trading concepts means understanding of online trading psychology and operation principles of online markets. This knowledge is much more important and decisive in the context of online trading in comparison with techniques of buying and selling any financial product.

Online trading psychology lies in ability to experience losses comfortably. It means that losses are essential and inevitable part of online trading process as far as price is the only reality in online trading markets and markets in their turn are always right. What every trader should aim at in order to succeed is to manage both possible loss and risk.

One of the essential online trading concepts is planing. Don't associate online trading with gambling and avoid spontaneous and thoughtless decisions, because the results of unplanned online trading can turn out to be disastrous. Every time you are going to trade ask yourself a question if the trade you choose will be as profitable for you as possible. Do question yourself, everyone and everything whether a price will rise or fall. Don't forget about changeability of online trading markets and use any chance to pull out if the situation suddenly changes for the worse.

Speaking about online trading concepts it's necessary to consider the situations in which traders usually come to a decision to trade. First of all there is a need to find a trade, financial product, forex or currency which will be profitable and only then make investments. No doubt that putting money for example into promising and strong trade is more wise than investing weak trade but still many traders invest weak trades supposing that they will become profitable. In such cases you should remember that all your decisions should be reasonable and carefully thought out.

In order to manage your profits and shorten your losses, you should learn online trading all the time. Do create your online trading time frame and strategy, try it, analyse results of every trade, change and prove your online trading strategy and method.

How Online Trading Works

How online trading works is a common question which is ask by everyone who decides to trade one day. Online trading works due to Internet since it became an essential part of our lives. Today if you have your laptop with you and you have Internet connection, you are at work at any moment. Any trader likes to check his/her accounts and online trading provides this service without any problems, as far as all accounts are available within 24 hours 7 days in a week. All organization tips are performed online and you don't have to call you broker every time you want to trade.

Online trading is a perfect opportunity to earn money trading via Internet but before you begin to trade you should understand how online trading works. First let's think why online trading is so popular and profitable business. The first reason is a low brokerages. The second reason is that great number of online trading markets all over the world are in service for 24 hours a day, so may trade in any market you like and whenever you like. The third reason is minimal intrusion upon your decisions concerning trades and investments.

Here are some things online trading won't do without: 1) for successful online trading you should be well educated on this matter and be aware of online trading concepts and safe online trading; 2) online trading software is the second essential part of successful and profitable business, it gives every trader an opportunity to control real-time order statues, the cost of performed deals, analyse electronic reports, monitor online trading markets and analyse them; 3) open & fund your account (here you have to decide how much money you are going to invest, how often you plan to trade and think over another services you can require).

One more important part of online trading process is a time frame, for example day trading online or swing trading online. While choosing an appropriate time frame, first of all you should take into consideration you life style, because any type of online trading is based on constant monitoring, sizing and planning. You have to plan and analyse every trade in order to see what you do right and what you do wrong and improve your online trading method.

A reliable broker is another important point without which your online trading can work in absolutely wrong way. In case you want your online trading work well, do choose a reliable and experienced broker, who will help you to create your trading plan and will be able to answer any questions you may ask at any time.

Source

Legend Joseph Kennedy

Legend has it that Joseph Kennedy sold all the stock he owned the day before "Black Thursday," the start of the catastrophic 1929 stock market crash. Many investors suffered enormous losses in the crash, which became one of the hallmarks of the Great Depression.
What made Kennedy sell? According to the story, he got a stock tip from a shoeshine boy. In the 1920s, the stock market was the realm of the rich and powerful. Kennedy thought that if a shoeshine boy could own stock, something must have gone terribly wrong.
Now, plenty of "common" people own stock. Online trading has given anyone who has a computer, enough money to open an account and a reasonably good financial history the ability to invest in the market. You don't have to have a personal broker or a disposable fortune to do it, and most analysts agree that average people trading stock is no longer a sign of impending doom.

The risks of Online Trading

Shares trade witnessed tremendous growth over the Internet in the past few years by expanding the use of the Web; the number of investors in this sector around the world, 5 million people by the end of 2004, as have many of the stock exchanges in the Arab and foreign countries to provide the mechanisms for online trading of shares International segment to attract new investors, were not present before the stock market arena.

However, there are challenges to trade in shares across the web, and often the lives of the investor; either to circumstances beyond his control, such as: exposure to the electronic trading system defect, or a sudden failure, or a lack of safety at the sites of banks or brokerage firms (brokers), which provide service electronic trading of shares to investors, or the lack of investor the same basic rules for investment; which exposed him to a real loss.

Hence, questions arise about the possibility of the reliability of the system of electronic trading of shares through the Internet, and the face of the dangers of this type of circulation, and rapid process and alternatives that could be provided by banks and brokerage firms, if the failure of the trading system via the Internet in the management of selling and purchasing operations .

To avoid losses

Therefore, the financial experts in this area believe that the investor is not in the ten errors in the electronic trading on the Internet in order to avoid losses; namely:

1 - Adoption of the investor on the Internet completely in the process of circulation, and may not be available when needed it; due to the interruption of communication lines, or a defect in the organs of the mediator, and here the investor must ensure that they have an alternative means of buying and selling through other methods when needed.

In this context, a trader with one of "mediation" in the United States of America: - The companies often provide respectable alternatives to the completion of the sale and purchase in the event of network failure, or inability of the investor access to the Internet, including the provision of the so-called b "CooL Center" or contact points that receive direct instructions or requests by telephone and carried out by the investor directly, in addition to other alternatives, sending faxes. Rather, it refers to the fact that some American companies have the brokerage commission if the proportion of the delay in the implementation of a purchase or sale of the shares at the market for a period of one minute; demonstrates the extent to which firms in an attempt to maintain the customers through affordable errors that may arise, and is not for investor by them.

2 - the site of a lack of a brokerage company for safety both in the circulation of information or complete transactions through the site; must therefore ensure that the medium of communication is through a secure, through the use of the browser has the ability to communicate with the safe, and make sure that the mediator provides a safe service.


The large number of intermediaries

3 - the large number of electronic brokers, which makes the process of selection of the mediator and the follow-up by the regulatory bodies is very difficult than before.

Here, the investor in equities across the web to make sure of the fact that the broker will deal with in terms of credibility, transparency and integrity of the implementation of those orders, must be the broker of global brokerage houses, which are known to be of good reputation; In some cases, brokers and there are ghost, all their is the web site, and what prices they give and also be a placebo.

Here, the customer may be subjected to the process of fraud, and discovered that the broker told him to reveal the electronic account at that time less the result of calculation of the loss suffered by the depletion of the account even after 3 days of opening the latest, and send the balance sheet so they look a logical process, and committed themselves to the rules of the broker work, the client and the most serious loss to; placebo broker can even convince some new victims to join him so that he can blackmail and the seizure of their money.

4 - there is a way for the fraud must have noticed the investor, known as the "road hierarchy", which depends on the cooperation of a large number of people in the broadcast information or to collect a certain amount, and should be avoided.

Through this point of view investors should be wary of the information transmitted by the many many online forums, and do not forget to highlight the problems of the Internet lies in the many sources of information, and therefore difficult to assess the credibility of what appears on the screen of information.

The investor must not forget that some writers have used the Internet forums to promote the shares, the decision or recommendation to buy or sell; either self-interest, enthusiasm or not supported by experience or science. The economists here, the importance of the motives of the decisions of buying and selling shares based on the read and aware of market data, and a technical analysis of the methods that govern the performance of the stock market.

Therefore, investors must not forget the three golden rules of investment:

The first: to know what to buy or sell?

Second: to know on what basis is to buy or sell stocks.

The third rule is that the known and determined by the level of risk.

The temptation to rush profit

5 - speed up the possibility of error or the introduction of investor buying and selling orders, which does not assume responsibility towards the lowest median. Often the result of surprise, the error quickly and the movement of the stock market's sudden activity; because the market is changing rapidly is very high, and we must take the necessary reserves in order not to pay the investor more than it had intended to, or more of the contents of his.

Can avoid the circulation of a pilot at the outset through a portfolio (Portfolio) and the imaginary can be pursued through the Internet to learn how to move the stock and its impact on equity in the proposed portfolio, and should work a deal will be halted, and the completion of the speculation in the event of adverse market trends.

6 - There are attractive offers to enter into certain investments of those who claim their access to revenues, however, reasonable, and that the investor must be avoided. In this regard, the investor diversification and investment vehicles; so as not to depend on the person to leave the capital in a small number of companies, and not dependent on one sector in particular.

Also preferred in general not be speculative (sales and purchases) using the capital in full, rather than by a 10%; so that the rest of the capital as an insurance market trends reverse, is to enter the full capital of gambling.

It is wrong that each owner in the shares of one company; because the loss of the company or its share prices fall in the market for whatever reason may go all or any part of the owner; but you have to choose good stocks of companies in the market, and tried to contribute to the classification of companies into three categories (large, medium , small), depending on the total market value for their shares, and then you focus on the best medium-sized companies because of companies beyond the stage of incorporation, and growth has been rising, and profits in the most stable and semi-confirmed.

Not without risk grounds

7 - did not fully trust in the software designed for the analysis of market trends, particularly as the stock market is sensitive, and improve their use in the event that employ only as information to assist legibility. You are here to learn how to examine the financial situation and legal status of companies before they contribute to progress on the purchase of shares, and to do so, you analyze the two important aspects:

I: technical analysis of shares, and trading volume, and track the movement of stock prices during a specified period, the index tracking stock, and compared to the index of shares, and the demand for purchase in the market.

II: analysis of the company fundamentalist signed by your choice, in terms of property, production, sales and profits through a number of years, as well as the market value of the shares of the company, and the strength of its rival in the market, and the Governing Council, and the quality of decisions it made.

8 - Some equity investors look to the margin, do not know the risks involved in this matter. In the volatile market, find an investor who bought the sidelines of an initial payment of shares is the same, calling for additional money to provide the margin of maintenance, if the share price fell after that, and if money were not paid when required; the commission, the company has the right to sell securities, the investor bears the loss.

9 - imitating the way some of the professional traders, risk, and prefer to look at the stock market for investment and not for circulation only; Kaltdol day-to-day operations include high-risk, and so the investor must be able to bear the loss, and should preferably be long-term investment and not for minutes or hours.

10 - wrong when the investor thinks that there is a system protected both in the local banks in the system or the state on the financial market, when other investments is manipulated, if what has been paid to the occurrence of errors in one of the previous nine; is not expected to punish the Capital Market Authority, causing the error.

There may be a different opinion of the capital market a major role in the maintenance of investor funds as long as it was signed in default by the brokerage firms, and mechanisms of the free market model is also a deterrent to the work of companies, especially in light of the proliferation of many alternatives to the investor to choose a mediator who wishes to deal with him.

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